Conception of An Independent Surveillance Authority in the Effort to Protect Population Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25041/aelr.v3i1.2530Abstract
The rapid progress of digital transformation underscores the critical need for robust personal data protection as a guarantee of individual rights, particularly to address the prevalent issues of data leakage and misuse, including population data. This need aligns with Article 28 G of the 1945 Constitution, which is actualized through the provision of access to population data for verification purposes to both state and private institutions. Additionally, data users are mandated to adhere to a Zero Data Sharing Policy that strictly prohibits the dissemination or sharing of population data with third parties. However, challenges persist due to limited legal protections concerning personal data classifications and the delineation of authority between data owners and users, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive personal data protection legislation. Furthermore, the establishment of an Independent Surveillance Authority is essential to ensure effective regulation enforcement. This Authority's roles and powers would align with government efforts to protect population data and be guided by the standards set forth in the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR). Its independent status is crucial to prevent undue influence from parties with vested interests. Functionally, such an authority would enhance the effectiveness of the Zero Data Sharing Policy through its capacity to conduct investigations and enforce collective rights, thus ensuring the protection of human rights. This research employs normative legal research, utilizing legislation and literature reviews alongside descriptive analysis with a deductive approach to manage qualitative data, concluding that legal protections must be bolstered by optimal oversight through an established Independent Surveillance Authority.
Keywords:
Authority, EU GDPR , Population Data, ProtectionReferences
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi Dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Cetakan Ke. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2004.
Cassese, Antonio. Hak Asasi Manusia Di Dunia Yang Berubah. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 1994.
Dicey, Albert Venn. The Law of the Constitution. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2013.
El-Muhtaj, Majda. Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Konstitusi Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2015.
Fabbrini, Federico. Fundamental Rights In Europe. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Liu, Hin-Yan. The Digital Disruption Of Human Rights Foundations. Human Rights, Digital Society and the Law. Routledge, 2019.
Peers, Steve, Tamara Hervey, Jeff Kenner, and Angela Ward. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014.
Setiardja, A Gunawan. “Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia Berdasarkan Ideologi Pancasila,” 1993.
Simatupang, Joseph Fajar. “Kriminalisasi Pencurian Data Pribadi Dalam Perspektif Hak Atas Privasi.” Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum, 2021.
Smith, Rhona K.M. Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia. Bantul: Pusham UII, 2015.
Syahuri, Taufiqurrohman. Tafsir Konstitusi Berbagai Aspek Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2011.
Team, I T Governance Privacy. Eu General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)–An Implementation and Compliance Guide. IT Governance Ltd, 2020.
Amboro, Florianus Yudhi Priyo, and Viona Puspita. “Perlindungan Hukum Atas Data Pribadi (Studi Perbandingan Hukum Indonesia Dan Norwegia).” In CoMBInES-Conference on Management, Business, Innovation, Education and Social Sciences, 1:415–27, 2021.
Anggraeni, Setyawati Fitri. “Polemik Pengaturan Kepemilikan Data Pribadi: Urgensi Untuk Harmonisasi Dan Reformasi Hukum Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 48, no. 4 (2018): 814–25.
Aswandi, Ririn, Putri Rofifah Nabilah Muchsin, and Muhammad Sultan. “Perlindungan Data Dan Informasi Pribadi Melalui Indonesian Data Protection System (Idps).” Jurnal Legislatif 3, no. 2 (2020): 167–90. https://doi.org/10.20956/jl.v3i2.14321
Banisar, David, and Simon Davies. “Global Trends in Privacy Protection: An International Survey of Privacy, Data Protection, and Surveillance Laws and Developments.” J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 18 (1999): 1.
Barnard-Wills, David, Cristina Pauner Chulvi, and Paul De Hert. “Data Protection Authority Perspectives on The Impact of Data Protection Reform On Cooperation In The EU.” Computer Law & Security Review 32, no. 4 (2016): 587–98.
Dewi, Sinta. “Konsep Perlindungan Hukum Atas Privasi Dan Data Pribadi Dikaitkan Dengan Penggunaan Cloud Computing di Indonesia.” Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2016): 35–53. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v5i1.8712
Fitria, Nurul Jannah Lailatul, and Husni Mubaroq. “Pemanfaatan Database Kependudukan Untuk Daftar Pemilih Tetap Dengan Sistem Nota Kesepahaman Dan Perjanjian Kerja Sama.” Musamus Journal of Public Administration 4, no. 1 (2021): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.35724/mjpa.v4i1.3786
Hald, Kim Sundtoft, and Paula Coslugeanu. “The Preliminary Supply Chain Lessons of the COVID-19 Disruption—What Is the Role of Digital Technologies?” Operations Management Research, 2021, 1–16.
Handke, Stefan. “A Problem of Chief and Indian—The Role of the Supervisory Authority BaFin and the Ministry of Finance in German Financial Market Policy.” Policy and Society 31, no. 3 (2012): 237–47.
Hastuti, Sri Handriana Dewi. “Pentingnya Pemanfaatan Data Kependudukan Di Era Digital.” TEKNIMEDIA: Teknologi Informasi Dan Multimedia 1, no. 1 (2020): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.46764/teknimedia.v1i1.9
Jai, Stefanus Arwandi, Dody Setyawan, and Ignatius Adiwidjaja. “Implementasi Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kependudukan.” JISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 5, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.33366/jisip.v5i1.216
Ježová, Daniela. “Fundamental Rights in the European Union–Perspective of the Digital Era.” JEZOVA, D.: Fundamental Rights in the European Union-Perspective of the Digital Era, In: Human Rights in EU External Relations: Between Law and Politics. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo UK, Univerzita Komenského, 2017, 79–86.
Juaningsih, Imas Novita, Rayhan Naufaldi Hidayat, Kiki Nur Aisyah, and Dzakwan Nurirfan Rusli. “Rekonsepsi Lembaga Pengawas Terkait Perlindungan Data Pribadi Oleh Korporasi Sebagai Penegakan Hak Privasi Berdasarkan Konstitusi.” Salam: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I 8, no. 2 (2021): 469–86.
Khansa, Farah Naurah. “Penguatan Hukum Dan Urgensi Otoritas Pengawas Independen Dalam Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia” 2, no. 8 (2021): 649–62. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v2i8.114
Kuner, Christopher. “A. Court of Justice International Agreements, Data Protection, and EU Fundamental Rights on the International Stage: Opinion 1/15, EU-Canada PNR.” Common Market Law Review 55, no. 3 (2018).
Kusumoningtyas, Anggi Anggraeni, and Puspitasari Kajian Ketahanan Nasional. “Dilema Hak Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dan Pengawasan Siber: Tantangan Di Masa Depan.” Law Review 66 (1997): 177–205.
Labdajaya, I Putu Bhisama, and Ni Made Ari Yuliartini Griadhi. “Pengelolaan Data Kependudukan Terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Jurnal Kertha Negara 8, no. 10 (2020): 16–38.
Masrukah, Ilsta, Ari Subowo, and Dyah Lituhayu. “Studi Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 Tentang Administrasi Kependudukan Dalam Pelaksanaan Program e-KTP Di Kabupaten Pati.” Journal of Public Policy and Management Review 5, no. 1 (2016): 238–47. 10.14710/jppmr.v5i1.10438
McLaughlin, Sharon. “Ireland: Independence of Data Protection Commissioner Challenged by Digital Rights Ireland.” Eur. Data Prot. L. Rev. 2 (2016): 114.
Mutiara, Upik, and Romi Maulana. “Perlindungan Data Pribadi Sebagai Bagian Dari Hak Asasi Manusia Atas Perlindungan Diri Pribadi.” Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies 1, no. 1 (2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/ijlp.v1i1.2648.g1629
Nababan, Roida, and Nelson Persada Sinaga. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Yang Data Pribadinya Diperjual Belikan Di Aplikasi Fintech Peer-To-Peer Lending.” Nommensen Journal of Legal Opinion 2, no. 02 (2021): 156–67.
Novinna, Veronica. “Perlindungan Konsumen Dari Penyebarluasan Data Pribadi Oleh Pihak Ketiga: Kasus Fintech ‘Peer to Peer Lending.’” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 9, no. 1 (2020): 92–110.
Nurmalasari. “Urgensi Pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi Demi Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum.” Syntax Idea 3, no. 8 (2021): 1947–66.
Ogriseg, Claudia. “GDPR and Personal Data Protection in the Employment Context.” Labour & Law Issues 3, no. 2 (2017): 1–24.
OHCHR, U N. “Guidelines for the Regulation of Computerized Personal Data Files.” Adapted by General Assembly Resolution 45 (1990): 95.
Ottow, Annetje. “Independent Supervisory Authorities: A Fragile Concept.” Legal Issues of Economic Integration 39, no. 4 (2012).
Pratana, I Wayan Atmanu Wira. “Urgensi Pengaturan Mekanisme Pemanfaatan Data Pribadi Dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 2, no. 8 (2021): 701–21. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v2i8.106
Priscyllia, Fanny. “Perlindungan Privasi Data Pribadi Perspektif Perbandingan Hukum.” Jatiswara 34, no. 3 (2019): 239–49. https://doi.org/10.29303/jatiswara.v34i3.218
Rodotà, Stefano. “Data Protection ss a Fundamental Right.” In Reinventing Data Protection?. 77–82. Springer, 2009.
Rumlus, Muhamad Hasab, and Hanif Hartadi. “Kebijakan Penanggulangan Pencurian Data Pribadi Dalam Media Elektronik.” Jurnal HAM 11, no. 2 (2020): 285 http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2020.11.285-299
Sasongko, Sasongko, Dimas Pramodya Dwipayana, Danar Yuda Pratama, Jumangin Jumangin, and Cindy Prastika Risky Roselawati. “Konsep Perlindungan Hukum Data Pribadi Dan Sanksi Hukum Atas Penyalahgunaan Data Pribadi Oleh Pihak Ketiga.” In Conference on Law and Social Studies, 1:16–27, 2020.
Sinaga, Erlina Maria Christin, and Mery Christian Putri. “Formulasi Legislasi Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 9, no. 2 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v9i2.428.
Situmeang, Sahat Maruli Tua. “Penyalahgunaan Data Pribadi Sebagai Bentuk Kejahatan Sempurna Dalam Perspektif Hukum Siber.” SASI 27, no. 1 (2021): 38–52.
Sonata, Depri Liber. “Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris: Karakteristik Khas Dari Metode Meneliti Hukum.” Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (2014): 15–35.
Sutanta, Edhy, and Ahmad Ashari. “Distribusi Basis Data Kependudukan Untuk Optimalisasi Akses Data: Suatu Kajian Pustaka.” Jurnal Ilmu Komputer 5, no. 1 (2012): 1–9.
Tesfay, Welderufael B, Peter Hofmann, Toru Nakamura, Shinsaku Kiyomoto, and Jetzabel Serna. “Privacy Guide: Towards an Implementation Of The EU GDPR On Internet Privacy Policy Evaluation.” In Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Workshop on Security and Privacy Analytics, 15–21, 2018.
Voigt, Paul, and Axel Von dem Bussche. “The Eu General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).” A Practical Guide, 1st Ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing 10 (2017): 3152676.
Westin, Alan F. “Social and Political Dimensions of Privacy.” Journal of Social Issues 59, no. 2 (2003).
Yuan, Bocong, and Jiannan Li. “The Policy Effect of The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) On the Digital Public Health Sector In The European Union: An Empirical Investigation.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 1070.
Yuniarti, Siti. “Perlindungan Hukum Data Pribadi Di Indonesia.” Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences (BECOSS) Journal 1, no. 1 (2019): 147–54. https://doi.org/10.21512/becossjournal.v1i1.6030
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Administrasi Kependudukan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 232 Tahun 2013, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5475), 53 § (2017).
Peraturan Kementerian Dalam Negeri Nomor 61 Tahun 2015 Tentang Persyaratan, Ruang Lingkup Dan Tata Cara Pemberian Hak Akses Serta Pemanfaatan Nomor Induk Kependudukan, Data Kependudukan Dan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (Berita Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 1, Nomor 65 § (2015).
Arbella, Wan Indy Azka. “Perbandingan Hukum Terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi Menurut Hukum Positif Indonesia Dan General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Uni Eropa,” 2020.
Brkan, Maja, Monica Claes, and Clara Rauchegger. “European Fundamental Rights And Digitalization.” SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England, 2020.
Drechsler, Laura. “What Is Equivalent? A Probe into GDPR Adequacy Based on EU Fundamental Rights.” A Probe into GDPR Adequacy Based on EU Fundamental Rights (February 21, 2019). Jusletter IT 21 (2019).
DisDukcapil. “Kemendagri Wajibkan Lembaga Pengguna Data Kependudukan Dari Dukcapil Terapkan Zero Data Sharing Policy.” Accessed November 2, 2021. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/10/22/12330861/kemendagri-wajibkan-lembaga-pengguna-data-kependudukan-dari-Dukcapil.
E L S A M. “Kerentanan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Pengelolaan Data Kependudukan,” 2019. https://elsam.or.id/kerentanan-perlindungan-data-pribadi-dalam-pengelolaan-data-kependudukan/.
Mashabi, Sania. “Dukcapil Wajibkan Lembaga Pengguna Terapkan Zero Data Sharing Policy.” KOMPAS, 2021. https://www.Dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/berita/baca/882/Dukcapil-wajibkan-lembaga-pengguna-terapkan-zero-data-sharing-policy.
Padovani, Claudia, and Mauro Santaniello. “Digital Constitutionalism: Fundamental Rights And Power Limitation In The Internet Eco-System,” 2018.
Pardosi, Rodes Ober Adi Guna, and Yuliana Primawardani. “Perlindungan Hak Pengguna Layanan Pinjaman Online Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia (Protection of the Rights of Online Loan Customers from a Human Rights Perspective),” n.d.
Qamar, Nurul, Muhammad Syarif, Dachran S Busthami, M Kamal Hidjaz, Aan Aswari, Hardianto Djanggih, and Farah Syah Rezah. Metode Penelitian Hukum (Legal Research Methods). CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn), 2017.
Rahayu, Ani Sri. “Pentingnya Regulasi Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Arsip Publikasi Ilmiah Biro Administrasi Akademik, 2020.
Rahmatullah, Indra. “Pentingnya Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia.” ADALAH 5, no. 1 (2021).
Rezkia, Nur Utami Hadi Putri. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Data Pribadi Konsumen Dalam Registrasi Sim Card,” 2020.
Satiman, Amangku Putradewa Bagaskoro. “Analisis Yuridis Mengenai Lembaga Pengawas Independen Dalam Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia Dan Uni Eropa Berdasarkan General Data Protection Regulation.= Judicial Review Regarding Independent Supervisory Institution Of Personal Data Protection In,” 2021.
Yahya, Achmad Nasrudin. “Keamanan PeduliLindungi Disorot, ICSF: Tak Ada Aplikasi Yang 100 Persen Aman.” Kompas, 2021. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/09/07/14201521/ keam anan-pedulilindungi-disorot-icsf-tak-ada-aplikasi-yang-100-persen-aman?page=all.
Yulianti, Farida. “Contoh Kasus Cyber Crime Dan Penyelesaiannya,” 2021.
Yusup, Maulana, and Neni Ruhaeni. “Peraturan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Berdasarkan Instrumen Hukum Internasional Dan Implementasinya Di Indonesia,” 2019.
Downloads
Total Abstract Views: 163 |
Total Downloads: 145
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2022 by the Auhtor(s) Published by Development Centre Research of Law and Scientific Publication on behalf of the Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
