Analyzing Patent Information on Canning Technology for Food to Enhance Potential Industrial Development

Modern movement has many impacts from R & D results, which becomes a general issue enabling technology enhancement to enter market requirement, primarily from portfolio through patent analysis. A patent is an intellectual property right granted under the law to protect an invention toward infringement. From patent information occurs product technology, especially connected to process that influences growth and restructuring of industrial leverage to enhance the economics of a community. Canning technology for foods as the entity of industrial process captures and introduces the chance of potential, innovative, and efficient strategies for global knowledge from appropriate technology and offers the possibilities for implementation based on reducing tools specification, timing process, and operational budgeting. The purpose of this paper is to know the competition among the same product through the utilization patent database registered on WIPO fields with patent analysis. The method in this research is patent analysis using Innography software from online WIPO database as potential leading patent-issuing authorities with 1747 patent document that is registered. This study intended as a reference and recommendation in the information for product canning technology for food benchmarking, which tailor to the capabilities and capacity R & D results from differences in significance innovation development for commercial in market needs

Modern movement has many impacts from R & D results, which becomes a general issue enabling technology enhancement to enter market requirement, primarily from portfolio through patent analysis. A patent is an intellectual property right granted under the law to protect an invention toward infringement. From patent information occurs product technology, especially connected to process that influences growth and restructuring of industrial leverage to enhance the economics of a community. Canning technology for foods as the entity of industrial process captures and introduces the chance of potential, innovative, and efficient strategies for global knowledge from appropriate technology and offers the possibilities for implementation based on reducing tools specification, timing process, and operational budgeting. The purpose of this paper is to know the competition among the same product through the utilization patent database registered on WIPO fields with patent analysis. The method in this research is patent analysis using Innography software from online WIPO database as potential leading patent-issuing authorities with 1747 patent document that is registered. This study intended as a reference and recommendation in the information for product canning technology for food benchmarking, which tailor to the capabilities and capacity R & D results from differences in significance innovation development for commercial in market needs. that provide weak IPR protection. That is one of the primary reasonswhy firms investing heavily in R&D put pressure on national governments to strengthen the international IPR regime. 4 The outcome was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), a product of the Uruguay Round (1986-94) of trade negotiations. TRIPS is the first comprehensive and global set of rules covering IPR protection. 5 Through patent analyses, information databases and the utilization of patent is an attempt to emphasize competitiveness in order to open up market access to both national and international. The analogy to a patent application can infer that analyzing patents is most worthwhile to manage the complexities of searching and inter-relating patent information. 6 A patent represents an invention in a particular field of technology, and also previous studies portray that a considerable part of the information presented in patents is relatively new 7 . In line with patent analysis, regarding canning technology for foods potential to be developed due to appropriate production process technology, the increase in market share, attractive packaging that favored consumers, and an affordable price.
Canning technology is one of the prospecting machinery to reduce the amount of heat used to preserve food in a quite long time. This technology proves in the food industry in line with the capability to enhance economic development.The purpose of this paper is to provide information related technologies that can be utilized by users as well as through the implementation of the technology transfer canning technology for foods based on patents that have registered. Patent analysis using Software Innography aims to know the orientation of the development of technology to market through licensing, patent portfolio, status, competition, innovation, and market monitoring derived from the database of patents. Moreover, it is useful for policymakers as recommendations for stakeholders in choosing alternative technologies that are appropriate market-oriented. A patent enables to understande the growing technology trend of the moment, knowing the player technology and even competitors who rule specific technologies, especially in the field of canning technology for foods. Understanding and analysis the the information in a patent analysis can capture opportunities or adopt the 4 R. Falvey & N Foster, 2006 This research uses a qualitative research methodology approach, with literature study on patent information, analysis documents of the patent through data mining and information related to the topic of research by focusing on the search answers to research issues. As the systematic development of theory in social settings and it depends upon inductive approaches, which is appropriate for the study mainly aim at theory development. 8 Qualitative research is used to explore the potential antecedents and factors about which little has known and explored. 9 Data mining and information are conduct with two approaches, namely: 1. The study of literature seeks information related to the topics and issues from a variety of sources, such as books, journals, articles, or other writings of experts. Data mining is one of the methods or processes for extract the hidden patterns of specific data collections that emphasize the stages of data mining most essential to transforming data into information patent. 10 2. Analysis of the database (benchmarking) from potential patent documents technology of canning food through Innography software whit sourced on the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) database. In order to find some information related to research topics through the international patent classification (IPC) database that connected to research and development of civilization canning technology for food and to provide the latest research on a patent analysis in a unified form. The purpose of this paper is to understand the information through international patent databases associated to the results of the research and development of canning technology for food. Whereas the object of this search and data analysis is to find result of research both applied and in progress so that it is aware of technology trends and current research in progress.
The analysis result of the patent can use both strategic management and applications, especially in the dissemination of appropriate technologies. 11 This paper can be implementated or applied, where results are expected to be utilized by users. Specifically, this paper is a process of dissemination of patent and reverse engineering from a information sourced technology patent.

B. Discussion
Analyzing of patent portfolio result aims to find the measurable development of technology, especially canning product support for foods that users need that is based on patent searching where the market will introduce with a broad range of diversification models. The goals that appear from analyzing and discussion mainly derived from the assumption of how the prevention of patent litigation can pursue in the court of law. The system was generating and becomes example on first-to-file which is now universal and used in all countries, including the US. The system switched to first-to-file when the America Invents Act signed into law in 2013. That means that even if a person had already developed an idea unless they have already filed to begin the patenting process, the idea would still be up for ownership. 12 The source of data analysis appears by using software development called Innography, due to the process held with entering the right keyword to determine the possibilities of a data requirement. Semantic-based text mining techniques rely on domain knowledge and create a relationship among domain-specific concepts. 13 Urgency of a searching application, delivers many fields of information related to technology process that can be used from registration of an international patent. Methods used to produce specific products and test the effectiveness of a particular product.
The keyword "Canning Technology for Food" was found from a 1747 patent document that registered in the WIPO database. Description of years listed from 1992 until 2018 with the date of searching patent database on April 29, 2019. With in-depth analysis and visualized from many components that inline into software, selected maximal patent document such as searching top 20 on the title, using a type of table, pie chart, figure, heat, radar we found data result is mention below;

Number Patent Filled Per Year on Canning Technology for Foods
A patent is a document filled out legal rights for any invention, the proposal submitted and approved through the registration process. Data mining results on canning technology for foods shown various technology that been registered each year in the WIPO database numbered 1615 patents. It shows productivity that comes along with the requirement on market needs, as shown in table 1. When thepatent time limit expires, the production also comes to an end, and the patentee no longer holds the right to the discovery. Any discovery related to the product and process that is useful forindustrial application and is new can be patented. 14 The patent filing procedures difference in application from one country to another and have many roles might apply regarding their needs for protection. From description table 1, we see many total patents that have registered since 1992 until 2018 as in, China Application 605 patent, Russian Federation Grants 745, China Grants 116 patent, United States Grants 43 patent, Japan Application, and Other 121 patent. This patent filing information, based on the top 5 countries are recorded in the WIPO database with all description that refers to the term of requirement document. Grant means a patent already issue numbering from patent authority office and application mean patent still under process examination and filled.

Inventor on Canning Technology for Foods
Inventor is defined and identifies as the creator of an invention and also as an individual who makes original contribution to the invention and an intellectual contribution as defined by the claims of the patent application. Besides that, a person as inventor must generate the idea, materially contributes to the development of the invention, provides solutions to problems, and implements the innovation of inventor as described place of work so can determine the connection with inventors. A patent is the legal right of an inventor to exclude others from making or using aparticular invention. This right is sometimes termed an "intellectual propertyright" and viewed as an incentive for innovation. 15 From figure 3, we can describe inventors in the top 5 patent holders that produce patent technology in canning for foods. They aconsist of Oleg Ivanovich Kvasenkov with 698 patents; Unknown Inventors from difference inventors produced 50 patents; Anatolij Ivanovich Podlesnyj has produced 33 patents; Ian Thomas Cooper has produced 27 patents; Gianluca Parisini has produced 26 patents.

Location Inventors on Canning Technology for Foods
Location inventor is a place that inventors registered their patent document in a country authority that in charge of filling patent registration in different countries for their own management patent office. In figure 4, the overview location that patent has already registered with the results of 1747 Patents from the top 20 Countries of 31 Total. The "networks" matter for technological innovation nowadays supports the data's precision. In fact, it is widely recognized that both the creation and the diffusion of new ideas are processes that imply the integration and recombination of existing knowledge coming from differentsources, locations, and organizational positions. 16 The organization is the same association with Patent Assignee means a person who holds and has a valid assignment in writing, the whole interest of a patent, or any whole part of such overall interest, including ownership rights of the intellectual property. It means exclusive right to make, use, and vend the patented improvement during the term for which the patent granted. Figure  5 shows the organization that owns cooperation in patent application with an inventor. The countries owning patents with more forward citations have a robust technological impact in comparison to a backward citation that depicts countries with mature technologies. If further indicates the R & D ability of assignee 17 . Patent terminology is used in industries as a proven technology this is very useful in order to see competitions in market orientation. For example, the needs of technology will bring the efficiency of economic development indirectly through product diversification, especially in canning technology for food sectors. From figure 3 with 882 Patents, Top 20 Organizations of 510 total, can be described as a technology push to industries process on 5 top patents assignee such as John Bean Technologies Corporation, an American food processing machinery and airport equipment company. JBT Corporation was incorporated in 2008 when FMC Technologies divested its non-energy businesses. 18 It has claimed 29 patents and a total revenue of $ 1.635.100.000. Oleg Ivanovich Kvasenkov has 24 patents, Li Qingzhi with has 9 patents, Tian Zhaoying with also 9 patents. DowDuPont is an American company formed after the merger of Dow Chemical and DuPont on August 31, 2017. It is the world's largest chemical company in terms of sales with five patents and total revenue of $ 85.977.000. 19 From the description above, only two company have established revenue from the organization who implement cooperation between assignment a patent to a company. Moreover, the rest was doing their commitment regarding cooperation in technology transfers into a company.

Patent Litigation on Canning Technology for Foods
Another party will not use the act of law by the inventor (patent owner) in order to guarantee the patent. This patent litigation is the legal process that unfolds when someone who owns the patent for a particular invention enforces their right by using another for manufacturing or selling the invention without permission. 20 Transformation can be see-through Bubble Market and Patent Litigation in figure 6.A. the patent scope can manifestly be designed to discourageentry. Broad and short patents can be designed to discourage imitation, but licensing and threat of litigation can also potentially serve as entry deterrence. 21 This indicates that the value of a patent strongly depends both ex-ante, when a designer of the patent claims and ex-post in the competency of the innovator's legal department or the legal advisers. 22 In a non-cooperative game approach, the litigation process is an opportunity to engage in strategic behavior when the validity of the patent will be challenged in court. 23 From patent litigation on canning technology for foods, there are three companies with lawsuits. These are because both parties are trying to claim ownership of the same idea or invention. Recording to figure 4 can see that John Bean Technologies Corporation has four processes of patent litigation, DowDuPont Inc. has 370 processes of patent litigation, and Marino Technologies Inc. have process one patent litigation.

International Patent Classification (IP Class) on Canning Technology for Foods
Competitiveness is a typical characteristic of industrial technology 24 . Practically, for almost every emerging industry, some kinds of technology will become leading and predominant after developing over a while. 25 According to Porter's theory of competitive advantage, the real competitors inside the industry are companies similar to a company. 26 Due to the different areas of technology, the derivative search of International Patent Classification on canning technology for foods can be defined to provide the clustering system of independent symbols for the classification of patents and utility models. These IP Class established by the Strasbourg Agreement 1971, provides for a hierarchical system of language independent symbols for the classification of patents and utility models based on the different areas of technology to which they pertain that source from World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Figure 7 shows the leveling IP Class that represents classified patents at class, subclass, leading

Figure 7. IP Class on Canning Technology for Foods
Notes: Patent Searching IP Class on Canning Technology for Foods Source: Innography Software, 2019 The figure above shows that top 3 IP class on canning technology for foods consist of A23L 1/00 have 505 patents (35,5 %) with description A (Section A Human Necessities); A23 (Foods or Foodstuffs; Their Treatment, Not Covered by Other Classes); A23L 1/00 (Their Preparation or Treatment, Modification of Nutritive Qualities, Physical Treatment, Preservation of Foods or Foodstuffs, In General), A23B 7/00 have 128 patents (9 %) with description A (Section A Human Necessities); A23 (Foods or Foodstuffs; Their Treatment, Not Covered by Other Classes); A23B 7/00 (Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables), A23L 2/00 have 119 patents (8,4 %) with description A (Section A Human Necessities); A23 (Foods or Foodstuffs; Their Treatment, Not Covered by Other Classes); A23L 2/00 (Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation).
From listing 3 IP Class can be analyzed that sectors of IP Class all in A Human Necessities with total dominant around 917 patents, it means the probability of canning technology, especially in the foods sector dominant in using for a daily personal requirement.

Patent Strength (Bar) and Factor (Radar) on Canning Technology for Food
The qualitative method uses the Innography tool for measuring strength and factor of patent portfolios by applying this method to these areas. Their qualitative values have been obtained, where in the strength of these patent portfolios can show on the analysis below. A framework for the evaluation and strategic management of patent portfolios and development projects can be obtained to integrate the intellectual property into a social management strategy. 27 Patent strength was product average of quality and activity, especially for a company interested in representing competitive technologies positions off all competitor fields. The strategy of a company was a part of the business by evaluating the activity that measures the successful technology innovation reflecting technology leaders in the market.  invention and therefore what is sought to be protected), especially for canning technology for foods in figure 9. Strength factors were encouraging users to find related information with dimensions of interaction regarding survivability intelligence when meeting court challenges such as litigation, industries, claim, live, inventor, cites, fwd cites. The average number shows all dimension; a. Patent litigation is the act of law when someone who owns the patent for a particular invention enforces their right by using another for manufacturing or selling the invention without permission. Data interaction with average number 0.294758 from axis weighting 0.008 means patent litigation has a high impact on protecting patents from infringement or violation of the law. b. Patent Industries mean the implementation of countries' patent rights fall under civil law, and the patent holder needs to sue someone infringing the patent in order to enforce his or her rights with average number 0. 456091. Data interaction with average number 0.456091 from axis weighting 3 means patent industries have a low impact from industry application. c. Patent Claim means to define the scope of what claimed as the invention that limits coverage of patent protection with an average number of 0.563665. Data interaction with average number 0.563665 from axis weighting 16 mean patent claims have low limits of precisely what the patent does, and does not, cover. d. Patent Life is the maximum period during it maintains in force from the filing date of the patent application or the date of grant of the patent with average number 0.651534. Data interaction with average number 0.651534 from axis weighting 11 mean patent lives have a low impact from period protecting on filling until granted. e. Patent Inventor is an inventor is a person or persons in patent law who contribute to the claims of a patentable invention with an average number of 0.769498. Data interaction with average number 0.769498 from axis weighting three mean patent inventors has a low position on productive producing patents each year. f. Cites A patent citation is a document cited by an applicant, third party, or a patent office examiner because its content relates to a patent application with an average number of 0.181837. Data interaction with average number 0.181837 from axis weighting 30 mean patent cites have very low on citation each year and possible to target the acquisition of active patents, which results in the enhancement of R & D output and, consequently, much improved or new products. g. Fwd Cites means the applicant and the patent examiner must find and cite documents that may anticipate the claimed invention or might be similar to the claimed invention and limit the scope of the patent protection, or which generally reveal the state of the art of the technology with average number 0.306609. Data interaction with average number 0.306609 from axis weighting 5 mean FWD cites have a low impact on anticipating claim invention or similar invention from revealing state of the art.

C. Conclusion
Patent applications are an essential tool for promoting innovation and technology. The patent system creates a framework that supports an incentive for the R & D result, which fosters innovation, technology transfer, and economic growth. When developing a new product, related technological information may determine the success or failure of the product and, in turn, the success or failure of the company itself. Patent documents represent a rich source of technical, legal, and business information presented in a generally standardized format and often not reproduced anywhere else.
The industrial development that links to technology nowadays is significant if we see from consumer goods. However, this enhancement gives more opportunity in industry development; mainly, metal packaging follows the trends of the global packaging market. Estimated at USD 102.9 billion in 2015, the global market is forecast to reach USD 106.1 billion in 2016 (+3.1%) and USD 132.1 billion in 2021 (+4.5% per year). Demand comes from Asia, driven by China, and mainly focuses on aerosols for personal hygiene products, cosmetics, and cleaning products. On Western European and North American markets, canned foods are being impacted by competition from flexible packaging and by consumer's demand for fresh fruit and vegetables. However, cans for beverages, which represent 65% of the metal packaging market, continue to progress, driven by breweries and micro-breweries which compete with each other on design and individual formats. 11 These data justified canning in the market has a significant impact on stakeholder needs regarding all functions of use.
From the total number of 1.747 documents patents, not all can track the patent database, because they are majorly unused. The discoveries are canning technology for foods drawn ineffective implementation with significant impact, especially industries assignee. From description IP Class still on A. Human Necessities, C. Chemistry, and B. Performing Operation, it means most of the derivative product has implemented to human consumption.
Data analysis has shown the use of patent information is rarely uses; this means utilization is based on personal interest or becomes information for market review. Industries often use secondary data for research and development in forecasting new variation of product to fulfill demand market competitiveness. Particularly in Indonesia, it cannot show because it still applies in a residential area, and application in an industry zero also cannot be displayed as a result of investigation data. On the other side, the policy recommendation from this paper requires the user to receive patent information technology database as a starting point to see more availability of technology to enter market orientation. This should be initiaited by government policy through awareness dissemination program with enhancement regulation scheme.