Telemedicine in Indonesia During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Patient's Privacy Rights Protection Overview

Muhammad  Fakih

doi:10.25041/fiatjustisia.v16no1.2583

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v16no1.2583

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the adoption of telemedicine services in Indonesia has surged, yet this increased utilization has raised significant concerns regarding patient privacy and data confidentiality, with ongoing incidents of personal data breaches despite existing regulations. This research addresses two key questions: the implementation of telemedicine in Indonesia during the pandemic and the regulatory framework for protecting patients' privacy rights. Utilizing a descriptive normative research method with a qualitative approach, the findings reveal a notable lack of strict sanctions for breaches of patient confidentiality and no explicit accountability for unauthorized data use. Consequently, there is an urgent need for dedicated regulations to safeguard patients' privacy rights in telemedicine, alongside the expedited legislative process for the Personal Data Protection Bill.

Keywords:

Covid-19 Pandemic, Privacy Rights, Telemedicine

References

Andrianto, Wahyu, and Atika Rizka Fajrina. “Tinjauan Perbandingan Penyelenggaraan Telemedicine Antara Indonesia Dan Amerika Serikat.” Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2021): 70–85. https://doi.org/10.53337/jhki.v1i02.7.

Anwar, Arman. “Aspek Hukum Penggunaan Telemedicine.” FIKI, no. 1 (2013): 1–14.

Anwar, Arman.. “Prinsip Tanggung Gugat Dalam Praktik Kedokteran Telemedicine.” Universitas Airlangga, 2015.

Aprilianti, Ira. “Hari Konsumen Nasional, Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19.” ELSAM, 2020.

Asrun, Andi Muhammad. “Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Kerangka Negara Hukum: Catatan Perjuangan Di Mahkamah Konstitusi.” Jurnal Cita Hukum 4, no. 1 (2016): 133–54. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v4i1.3200.

Barasabha, Thareq. “Pemanfaatan Telemedicine Untuk Penanganan Covid-19 Di Indonesia.” In The Covidpedia, 2–14. Jakarta: Media Nusa Creative, 2021.

Budiyanti, Rani Tiyas, and Penggalih Mahardika Herlambang. “Perlindungan Hukum Pasien Dalam Layanan Konsultasi Kesehatan Online.” Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.53337/jhki.v1i01.1.

Danielle Chaet, Ron Clearfield, James E. Sabin, and Kathryn Skimming. “Ethical Practice in Telehealth and Telemedicine.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 32, no. 10 (2017): 1136–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4082-2.

Djafar, Wahyudi. “Hukum Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia: Lanskap, Urgensi Dan Kebutuhan Pembaruan.” In Seminar Hukum Dalam Era Analisis Big Data. Yogyakarta: Program Pasca Sarjana Fakultas Hukum UGM, 2019.

Fundrika, Bimo Aria. “Penggunaan Telemedicine Di Indonesia Meningkat 30 Persen Selama Situasi Pandemi Covid-19.” suara.com, 2022. https://www.suara.com/health/2022/03/08/111953/penggunaan-telemedicine-di-indonesia-meningkat-30-persen-selama-situasi-pandemi-covid-19.

Irwandy. “Bocornya 1,3 Juta Data EHac, Mengapa Terjadi Dan Bahayanya Bagi Pasien.” Kompas.com, 2021. https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2021/09/03/080000023/bocornya-1-3-juta-data-ehac-mengapa-terjadi-dan-bahayanya-bagi-pasien?page=all.

Izzati, Vaya Annisa, and Yuki Firmanto. “Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Aplikasi Kesehatan Halodoc Melalui Model End User Computing Satisfaction Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB 9, no. 2 (2020): 1–16. https://jimfeb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jimfeb/article/view/7139.

Komalasari, Rita. “Manfaat Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” TEMATIK - Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi 7, no. 1 (2020): 38–50. https://doi.org/10.38204/tematik.v7i1.369.

Kurniawan, Muhamad Beni. “Politik Hukum Pemerintah Dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Atas Kesehatan.” Jurnal HAM 12, no. 1 (2021): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.37-56.

Lestari, Shinta, and Dolih Gozali. “Narrative Review: Telemedicine Dan Implementasinya Dalam Membantu Perawatan Pasien Covid-19.” Farmaka 19, no. 3 (2021): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v19i3.34918.

Lin, Chien-Hao, Wen-Pin Tseng, Jhong-Lin Wu, Joyce Tay, Ming-Tai Cheng, Hooi-Nee Ong, Hao-Yang Lin, et al. “A Double Triage and Telemedicine Protocol to Optimize Infection Control in an Emergency Department in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Feasibility Study.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2196/20586.

Lubis, Zidni Imanurrohmah. “Analisis Kualitatif Penggunaan Telemedicine Sebagai Solusi Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Indonesia Pada Masa Pandemik COVID-19.” Physiotherapy Health Science (PhysioHS) 2, no. 2 (2020): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.22219/physiohs.v2i2.15148.

Mangesti, Yovita Arie. “Konstruksi Hukum Transformasi Digital Telemedicine Di Bidang Industri Kesehatan Berbasis Nilai Pancasila.” In Seminar Nasional Hukum Transendental 2019, 157–72. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2019.

Martini, Made. “Telemedicine Terhadap Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19 Di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat (Igd) Selama Masa Pandemik Covid-19.” Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan (JKSI) 6, no. 1 (2021): 8–19. https://doi.org/10.51143/jksi.v6i1.264.

Mustikasari, Aidha Puteri. “Informed Consent Dan Rekam Medis Dalam Telemedicine Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi 8, no. 2 (2020): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v8i2.49759.

Natamiharja, Rudi. “A Case Study on Facebook Data Theft in Indonesia.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12, no. 3 (2018): 206–23. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v12no3.1312.

Nittari, Giulio, Ravjyot Khuman, Simone Baldoni, Graziano Pallotta, Gopi Battineni, Ascanio Sirignano, Francesco Amenta, and Giovanna Ricci. “Telemedicine Practice: Review of the Current Ethical and Legal Challenges.” Telemedicine Journal and E-Health 26, no. 12 (2020): 1427–37. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0158.

Nurhabibah, Prabawati, Hanikah, and Hema Widiawati. “Aplikasi Pilihan Pendukung Pembelajaran Daring Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar.” Jurnal Riset Pedagogik 4, no. 2 (2020): 257–64. https://doi.org/10.20961/jdc.v4i2.45284.

Nurhidayati, Sugiyah, and Kartika Yuliantari. “Settings for Personal Data Protection in the Use of Peduli Protect Applications.” Widya Cipta: Jurnal Sekretari Dan Manajemen 5, no. 1 (2021): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.31294/widyacipta.v5i1.9447.

Nursofwa, Ray Faradillahisari, Moch Halim Sukur, Bayu Kurniadi Kurniadi, and Haris. “Penanganan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan.” Jurnal Hukum Inicio Legis 1, no. 2020 (1AD): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21107/il.v1i1.8822.

Prasada, Made Yogi, and I Nyoman Mudana. “Tanggung Jawab Rumah Sakit Terhadap Kerahasiaan Rekam Medis (Medical Record).” Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 2 (2014): 1–6. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/kerthasemaya/article/view/8265.

Priliasari, Erna. “Pentingnya Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Transaksi Pinjaman.” Majalah Hukum Nasional 49, no. 2 (2019): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.33331/mhn.v49i2.44.

Priscyllia, Fanny. “Perlindungan Privasi Data Pribadi Perspektif Perbandingan Hukum.” Jatiswara 34, no. 3 (2019): 239–49. https://doi.org/10.29303/jatiswara.v34i3.218.

Putra, Calvin Anthony, and Muhammad Ali Masnun. “Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Rumah Sakit Terkait Potensi Kebocoran Data Rekam Medis Elektronik Akibat Cyber Crime.” Novum: Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v0i0.41286.

Rahman, Faiz. “Kerangka Hukum Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 18, no. 1 (2021): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v18i1.736.

Riyanto, Agus. “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pelaksanaan Telemedicine (Systematic Review).” Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia (JMIKI) 9, no. 2 (2021): 165–74. https://doi.org/10.33560/jmiki.v9i2.337.

Romdlon, Mahindra Awwaludin, Luthfi Kalbu Adi, and Aris Aji Kurniawan. “Telemedicine Dalam Konstruksi Hukum Di Indonesia.” Kosmik Hukum 21, no. 2 (2021): 142–51. https://doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v21i2.10597.

Rosadi, Sinta Dewi. “Implikasi Penerapan Program E-Health Dihubungkan Dengan Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Arena Hukum 9, no. 3 (2016): 403–20. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2016.00903.6.

Rumlus, Muhamad Hasan, and Hanif Hartadi. “Kebijakan Penanggulangan Pencurian Data Pribadi Dalam Media Elektronik (Policy the Discontinuation of Personal Data Storage in Electronic Media).” Jurnal HAM 11, no. 2 (2020): 285–99. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2020.11.285-299.

Sari, Genny Gustina, and Welly Wirman. “Telemedicine Sebagai Media Konsultasi Kesehatan Di Masa Pandemic COVID 19 Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Komunikasi 15, no. 1 (2021): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.21107/ilkom.v15i1.10181.

SATGAS COVID-19. “Situasi COVID-19 Di Indonesia.” Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19, 2022. https://covid19.go.id/.

Savić, Dragan, and Mladen Đuro Veinović. “Challenges Of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).” In International Scientific Conference On Information Technology And Data Related Research, 23–30. Beograd: Univerzitet Singidunum, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15308/Sinteza-2018-23-30.

Siahaan, Matdio. “Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Dunia Pendidikan.” Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah (JKI) 1, no. 1 (2020): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.31599/jki.v1i1.265.

Sinta Dewi. “Konsep Perlindungan Hukum Atas Privasi Dan Data Pribadi Dikaitkan Dengan Penggunaan Cloud Computing Di Indonesia.” Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2016): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v5i1.8712.

Situmeang, Sahat Maruli Tua. “Penyalahgunaan Data Pribadi Sebagai Bentuk Kejahatan Sempurna Dalam Perspektif Hukum Siber.” SASI 27, no. 1 (2021): 38–52. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i1.394.

Tapan, Erik. “Implementasi Telemedicine.” In Sidang Ilmiah Penjajakan Peluang Aplikasi Dan Implementasi Telemedicine Dalam Dunia Kedokteran, 12. Jakarta: Pusat Studi Informatika Kedokteran Universitas Gunadarma, 2006.

Valerisha, Anggia, and Marshell Adi Putra. “Pandemi Global COVID-19 Dan Problematika Negara-Bangsa: Transparansi Data Sebagai Vaksin Socio-Digital?” Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (JIHI), 2020, 131–37. https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v0i0.3871.131-137.

Wicaksana, Ratnadi Hendra, Adis Imam Munandar, and Palupi Lindiasari Samputra. “Studi Kebijakan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dengan Narrative Policy Framework: Kasus Serangan Siber Selama Pandemi Covid-19.” Jurnal IPTEK-KOM (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Komunikasi) 22, no. 2 (2020): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.33164/iptekkom.22.2.2020.143-158.

Wijaya, Glenn. “Pelindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia: Ius Constitutum Dan Ius Constituendum.” Law Review 19, no. 3 (2020): 326–61. https://doi.org/10.19166/lr.v19i3.2510.

Yuliana. “Corona Virus Diseases (Covid-19): Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur.” Wellness and Healthy Magazine 2, no. 1 (2020): 187–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30604/well.95212020.

Yuniarti, Siti. “Perlindungan Hukum Data Pribadi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal BECOSS (Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences) 1, no. 1 (2019): 147–54. https://doi.org/10.21512/becossjournal.v1i1.6030.