Comparative Insights of Perfume Formulations Protection in Trade Secret Laws in Indonesia, South Korea, and France

Rianda Dirkareshza; Muhammad Fauzan; Reisha Rizkia Sabila Supardi

doi:10.25041/fiatjustisia.v19no3.4280

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v19no3.4280

Abstract

The perfume industry relies heavily on innovation and unique formulations, yet in Indonesia many micro and small businesses sell inexpensive refill perfumes that imitate well-known scents, raising concerns about trade secret infringement. This study assesses the effectiveness of legal protections for perfume formulations in Indonesia, South Korea, and France through a juridical-normative, comparative, and case study approach. The findings show that Indonesia’s protections under its Trade Secret, Trademark, and Patent laws remain weak due to limited enforcement and low awareness, while South Korea’s Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act and France’s implementation of Directive (EU) 2016/943 provide stronger mechanisms for safeguarding business secrets. The study offers a comparative framework that can guide the development of a more effective trade secret regime for perfume formulations in Indonesia.

Keywords:

Trade Secret, Perfume Formulation, Comparative

References

Benia, Elsa. “Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Rahasia Dagang Pada Perjanjian Waralaba Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000 Tentang Rahasia Dagang.” Padjadjaran Law Review 10, no. 2 (2022): 169–78. https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v10i2.1017.

Chang, Chu-hsuan, Woan-lih Liang, and Yanzhi Wang. “Trade Secret Laws and Initial Public Offering Underpricing.” Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 63, no. 1 (2024): 325–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-024-01259-3.

Creswell, John W, and J David Creswell. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage publications, 2017.

Dyson, Anne Haas, and Celia Genishi. On the Case: Approaches to Language and Literacy Research (an NCRLL Volume). Teachers College Press, 2005.

Edyson, David, Muhammad Rafi, and others. “Perlindungan Hukum Mengenai Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 8, no. 1 (2024): 930–39. https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v8i1.6438.

Encinosa III, William E, Martin Gaynor, and James B Rebitzer. “The Sociology of Groups and the Economics of Incentives: Theory and Evidence on Compensation Systems.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 62, no. 2 (2007): 187–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2006.01.001.

French Government. Article 131-26 of Code Pénal. Paris: French Government, 1994.

French Government. Article 1382 of French Civil Code. Paris: French Government, 2024.

French Government. Article L151-1 of Code de Commerce, 2025.

French Government. Article L621-1 of Code de Propriété Intellectuelle. Paris: French Government, 1992.

French Government. The Bill of French Trade Secret of 2014. Paris: French Government, 2014.

Gibbons, Robert, John Roberts, and others. “Economic Theories of Incentives in Organizations.” Handbook of Organizational Economics, 2013, 56–99.

Hahn, Robert W, and Robert N Stavins. “Economic Incentives for Environmental Protection: Integrating Theory and Practice.” The American Economic Review 82, no. 2 (1992): 464–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117445.

Iswara, Filasavita Prasasti, Dwiarso Rubiyanto, and Tatang Shabur Julianto. “Analisis Senyawa Berbahaya Dalam Parfum Dengan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometri Massa Berdasarkan Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).” Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 2014, 18–27. https://journal.uii.ac.id/chemical/article/view/4345.

Kim & Chang. “Recent Amendments to Korea’s Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act.” Kim & Chang, 2024. https://www.kimchang.com/en/insights/detail.kc?sch_section=4&idx=29320.

Kirom, Faizul, and Nanik Trihastuti. “Perlindungan Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Atas Hak Merek Dan Desain Industri Pada Bisnis Kuliner Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Studi Hukum Modern 6, no. 3 (2024). https://journalversa.com/s/index.php/jshm/article/view/1858.

Korycińska-Rzadca, Paulina. “Trade Secrets in the Digital Age: How Do the Measures Provided for in EU Law Face the Challenges of Protecting an Employer’s Trade Secrets against Unauthorised Acquisition, Use and Disclosure by Its Employees?” Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 2, no. 29 (2024): 163–76. https://doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2024.29.02.12.

Ligaya, Armina. “For a Coveted Resin, The Scents of Rarity Takes Hold.” The New York Times, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/world/middleeast/28iht-M28C-PERFUME.html.

Liu, Kung-Chung. “The Problems with Trade Secret Protection/Overprotection in Asia.” IIC-International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 53, no. 1 (2022): 94–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01136-9.

Lukito, Ratno. “‘Compare But Not to Compare’: Kajian Perbandingan Hukum Di Indonesia.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 2 (2022): 257–91. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.5.2.257-291.

Lytvynenko, Anatoliy A. “The Institute of Trade Secrets in English and French Law in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries: Doctrine and Jurisprudence.” International Comparative Jurisprudence 10, no. 1 (2024): 16–28. https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2024.06.002.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi. Prenada Media, 2017.

Nasution, Bahder Johan. Metode Penelitian Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: Bandar Maju, 2008.

Novalika, Aurelia Salsabilla, Ranti Fauza Mayana, and Rika Ratna Permata. “Urgensi Pengaturan Tindakan Pelarangan Penjualan Produk Hasil Pelanggaran Rahasia Dagang Berdasarkan Perbandingan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000 Tentang Rahasia Dagang Dan Directive (EU) 2016/943.” JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 3, no. 3 (2024): 386–99. https://doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i2.3949.

Rachmawati, Putriana. “Edukasi Terkait Keamanan Kosmetik Kepada Masyarakat.” Mitramas: Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2023): 101–13. https://doi.org/10.25170/mitramas.v1i2.4308.

Ramli, Ahmad M, Sinta Dewi, Laina Rafianti, Tasya Safiranita Ramli, Sherly Ayuna Putri, and Maudy Andreana Lestari. “Pelindungan Rahasia Dagang Dalam Industri Jasa Telekomunikasi (Protection of Trade Secrets in Telecommunication Industry).” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum (JIKH) 15, no. 2 (2021): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2021.V15.215-230.

Ramli, Tasya Safiranita, Ahmad M. Ramli, Ega Ramadayanti, Maudy Andreana Lestar, and Rizki Fauzi. “Trade Secrets Protection on Telecommunication Service Industries in Indonesian Law and Intellectual Property Perspective.” NTUT Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Management 10, no. 2 (2021): 39–60. https://lawdata.com.tw/tw/detail.aspx?no=458283.

Rizki, Maurid, and Devi Siti Hamzah Marpaung. “Efektifitas Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Dalam Sengketa Rahasia Dagang.” University of Bengkulu Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2021): 163–77. https://doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.6.2.163-177.

Siems, Jasper. “Protecting Deep Learning: Could the New EU-Trade Secrets Directive Be an Option for the Legal Protection of Artificial Neural Networks?” Algorithmic Governance and Governance of Algorithms: Legal and Ethical Challenges, 2021, 137–56. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-50559-2.

South Korea Government. Article 10 of Law No. 20321 Concerning Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act. Seoul: South Korea Government, 2024.

South Korea Government. Article 12 of Law No. 20321 Concerning Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act. Seoul: South Korea Government, 2024.

South Korea Government. Article 13 Paragraph 1 of Law No. 20321 Concerning Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act. Seoul: South Korea Government, 2024.

South Korea Government. Article 2 Paragraph 3 of Law No. 20321 Concerning Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act. Seoul: South Korea Government, 2024.

South Korea Government. Law No. 20321 Concerning Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act. Seoul: South Korea Government, 2024.

Tocicka, Julia W., and Sylwia Gwoździewicz. “Protection of Trade Secrets: Selected Private Law Problems.” Krytyka Prawa 16, no. 2 (2024): 303–23. https://doi.org/10.7206/kp.2080-1084.692.

Tuck, Richard. Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development. Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Utama, Kartika Widya. “Manfaat Lisensi Paten Bagi Industri Teknologi Dan Informasi Indonesia.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 41, no. 3 (2012): 385–91. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.41.3.2012.385-391.

Waluyo, Bambang. Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2008.

Wang, Yanzhi. “Trade Secrets Laws and Technology Spillovers.” Research Policy 52, no. 7 (2023): 104794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104794.

Kim Byeong-il. “Employees, Trade Secrets and Restrictive Covenants in Korea.” Wonkwang Law Review 34, no. 2 (2018): 27–49. https://doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2018.34.2.27