Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung. This journal is available in print and online and highly respects the publication ethics and avoids any type of malpractice and research misconduct. This statement explains the ethical behaviour of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor in chief, the editorial board, the peer-reviewers and the publisher (Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung).
The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal of Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. It is therefore important to agree upon standards of expected ethical behaviour for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, the publisher and the society.
Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung as publisher of Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing seriously and we recognize our ethical behaviour and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. The publisher of Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) are committed to highlight the publication ethics. This commitment is realized through the execution of misconduct consequences which is potential withdrawal. In addition, the Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung and Editorial Board will assist in communications with other journals and/or publishers where this is useful and necessary.
Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, or plagiarism in producing, performing, or reviewing research and writing an article by authors, or in reporting research results. When authors are found to have been involved with research misconduct or other serious irregularities involving articles that have been published in scientific journals, Editors have a responsibility to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record.
In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editors and Editorial Board will use the best practices of COPE to assist them to resolve the complaint and address the misconduct fairly. This will include an investigation of the allegation by the Editors. A submitted manuscript that is found to contain such misconduct will be rejected. In cases where a published paper is found to contain such misconduct, a retraction can be published and will be linked to the original article.
The first step involves determining the validity of the allegation and an assessment of whether the allegation is consistent with the definition of research misconduct. This initial step also involves determining whether the individuals alleging misconduct have relevant conflicts of interest.
If scientific misconduct or the presence of other substantial research irregularities is a possibility, the allegations are shared with the corresponding author, who, on behalf of all of the co-authors, is requested to provide a detailed response. After the response is received and evaluated, additional review and involvement of experts (such as statistical reviewers) may be obtained. For cases in which it is unlikely that misconduct has occurred, clarifications, additional analyses, or both, published as letters to the editor, and often including a correction notice and correction to the published article are sufficient.
Institutions are expected to conduct an appropriate and thorough investigation of allegations of scientific misconduct. Ultimately, authors, journals, and institutions have an important obligation to ensure the accuracy of the scientific record. By responding appropriately to concerns about scientific misconduct, and taking necessary actions based on evaluation of these concerns, such as corrections, retractions with replacement, and retractions, Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) journal will continue to fulfill the responsibilities of ensuring the validity and integrity of the scientific record.
Anyone may inform the editors and/or Editorial Staff at any time of suspected unethical behavior or any type of misconduct by giving the necessary information/evidence to start an investigation.
Editor-in-Chief will consult with the Section Editors on decisions regarding the initiation of an investigation. During an investigation, any evidence should be treated as strictly confidential and only made available to those strictly involved in investigating. The accused will always be given the chance to respond to any charges made against them. If it is judged at the end of the investigation that misconduct has occurred, then it will be classified as either minor or serious.
Minor misconduct will be dealt directly with those involved without involving any other parties, e.g.:
Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the Section Editors, and, when appropriate, further consultation with a small group of experts should make any decision regarding the course of action to be taken using the evidence available. The possible outcomes are as follows (these can be used separately or jointly):
When dealing with unethical behaviour, the Editorial Staff will consult the guidelines and recommendations provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
This section describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to.
Authorship in a scientific scholarly article signifies that an individual has made substantial contributions to the work and holds accountability for its content. To warrant authorship, an individual must significantly contribute to the conception and design of the study, the acquisition of data, or the analysis and interpretation of data. They must also participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content, ensuring the interpretation and discussion align with the data. Additionally, all authors must approve the final version of the manuscript before publication and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, guaranteeing that any questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
In cases of large collaborative projects, group authorship may be appropriate, provided individual contributions are clearly defined.
Transparency and ethical considerations are paramount; those who contributed to the work but do not meet the authorship criteria should be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section, and practices such as honorary and ghost authorship should be strictly avoided.
The following are the types of contribution that warrant authorship.
Author(s) are expected to refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is helped by following the rules of good scientific practice as follows:
If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Journal and/or Publisher will carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted under their given e-mail address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the Journal’s and/or Publisher’s implementation of the following measures, including, but not limited to:
The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform, watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article :
Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. The author(s) is/are requested to contact the journal and explain in what sense the error is impacting the article. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error. This may be a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts of the article are impacted by the error.
Journal of International Law (LaJIL) are committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity and quality in our editorial processes. We recognize that, on occasion, authors, reviewers, or readers may have concerns or complaints regarding editorial decisions, ethical issues, or other aspects of the journal’s operation. This policy outlines the procedure for handling complaints and appeals in a fair, transparent, and timely manner.
This policy applies to complaints and appeals related to editorial decisions (e.g., manuscript rejection, revision requests), the peer review process, ethical issues (e.g., plagiarism, authorship disputes), and administrative processes (e.g., delays in publication).
A complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction with the editorial process or decisions. It can relate to various aspects of the journal's operations, including the publisher's policies, the journal's practices, the conduct of the editorial staff or board, and the performance of reviewers. An appeal is a formal request to reconsider an editorial decision, typically concerning manuscript rejection. Appeals must provide a detailed rationale and, where applicable, any new evidence or data supporting the reconsideration.
To ensure complaints are handled effectively and impartially, it's essential to direct them to the appropriate entity based on the scope and level of the issue. Below are the procedures for filing complaints and appeals:
All the journals are under supervision of P3HPI. Technically complaints are handled through the OJS system at the publisher level. In short, the steps for filling administrative complaints are described in the following : Journal/Publisher > P3HPI > Faculty of Law > University. These steps are done gradually by which if there the previous step is perceived to be insufficient and unresponsive in handling the complaints, then such complaints will be further deal with through the higher stage and so forth.
The Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity and transparency in its editorial and administrative processes. This document outlines the detailed procedures for handling complaints and appeals to ensure they are addressed fairly, transparently, and promptly.
When a complaint is received concerning editorial decisions, the editorial office will acknowledge receipt within 7 days and provide an estimated timeline for the review process. The initial review will determine whether the complaint pertains to editorial decisions and falls within the scope of this policy. An investigation will follow, where relevant members of the editorial board are assigned to review the complaint impartially, ensuring there are no conflicts of interest. The investigation involves examining the manuscript, the editorial decisions made, and all related correspondence. If necessary, discussions with the involved editors will be conducted to understand the decision-making process. Based on the findings, a decision will be made which may include reaffirming the original decision or reconsidering it. The complainant will be informed in writing about the outcome and the rationale behind the decision, with information provided on further escalation options if applicable.
Upon receiving a complaint about the peer review process, the editorial office will acknowledge receipt within 7 days and provide an estimated timeline for resolution. The initial review will assess whether the complaint concerns the peer review process and its validity. The investigation will include a review of peer review records, such as comments and reviewer identities, to identify any issues. If necessary, the involved reviewers may be contacted for their perspective. The process will be evaluated to determine if there were any deviations from established procedures or conflicts of interest. Based on the investigation, appropriate actions will be determined, which may include re-evaluating the manuscript or addressing procedural issues. The complainant will be informed of the outcome and any corrective actions taken, with an opportunity for further feedback if needed.
For complaints related to ethical issues, such as plagiarism or authorship disputes, the editorial office will acknowledge receipt within 7 days and provide a timeline for investigation. The initial review will verify if the complaint pertains to ethical concerns and requires a formal investigation. An investigation committee or external expert will be appointed to conduct the inquiry impartially. All relevant evidence and documentation will be collected, and if necessary, interviews with involved parties (e.g., authors, reviewers) will be conducted to gather additional information. Based on the investigation, a decision will be made, which may involve issuing a correction, retraction, or implementing disciplinary measures. All parties involved will be notified of the outcome and the rationale behind it.
When a complaint about administrative processes is received, subsidiary body overseeing faculty research (The Development Centre for Research of Law and Scientific Publication / PPPHPI) will acknowledge receipt within 7 days and provide an estimated timeline for resolution. The initial review will determine if the complaint pertains to administrative processes and its validity. The investigation will involve a review of relevant administrative procedures to identify any issues or deviations. Discussions with administrative staff may be conducted to understand the context of the complaint. Based on the findings, corrective actions or improvements to administrative processes will be determined. The complainant will be informed of the outcome and any changes or actions taken to address the issue. In case of administrative issues, such issues will be filled by authors through the very basic level, which is the journal itself. Once the issues have been dealt with at this bottom stage, then it will be further followed up at the The Development Centre for Research of Law and Scientific Publication / PPPHPI level.
For complaints against the publisher, the governing body or oversight committee will be the first point of contact. Upon receipt, the complaint will be acknowledged within 7 days, with an estimated timeline for review provided. The initial review will verify if the complaint concerns the publisher and ensure it is directed to the appropriate governing body. The investigation will involve reviewing the publisher’s policies and practices relevant to the complaint and engaging with the governing body to gather necessary information. Appropriate actions will be determined based on the investigation, which may include policy changes or addressing specific issues raised. The complainant will be notified of the outcome and any actions taken by the governing body. In that regard, Lampung University, through its Law Faculty, will deal with that particular matter by which complaints filed by the respective author has been received at the university level. Hence, the procedure will be further elaborated by the University.
When an appeal is received, the editorial office will acknowledge receipt within 7 days and provide an estimated timeline for review. The initial review will determine if the appeal presents new evidence or arguments that justify reconsideration of the original decision. The appeal content will be examined, and the manuscript and original decision will be re-assessed in light of the new information. A final decision will be made based on this re-assessment, which may include overturning or upholding the original decision. The appellant will be informed of the final decision and the rationale behind it, with a detailed explanation provided.
In handling all complaints and appeals, Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) ensures that all parties involved are treated with the utmost confidentiality. This includes protecting the identities of complainants, respondents, and any third parties involved throughout the process. All records, documentation, and correspondence related to complaints and appeals are securely maintained and accessed only by authorized personnel involved in the investigation and resolution. Confidentiality is a key aspect of maintaining the integrity of the process and ensuring that all parties feel safe in voicing their concerns.
At Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL), we are committed to ensuring fairness and transparency throughout our editorial and peer review processes. This Conflict of Interest (COI) policy outlines the procedures for identifying, managing, and disclosing any potential conflicts that may arise among editorial board members, reviewers, and authors to uphold the integrity of our work.
A conflict of interest arises when an individual’s personal, financial, or professional interests might influence, or appear to influence, their decisions or actions concerning the editorial or peer review process. To maintain transparency and avoid bias, it is essential that all relevant parties disclose any potential conflicts.
Editorial board members are expected to disclose any personal, financial, or professional conflicts that could impact their impartiality in handling manuscripts or making editorial decisions. While we do not utilize a formal COI declaration form, members are encouraged to communicate any potential conflicts to the editor-in-chief as they arise. This helps ensure that decisions are made fairly and without undue influence.
Reviewers must also be mindful of potential conflicts of interest when accepting a manuscript for review. If a reviewer identifies a conflict that could affect their evaluation, they should promptly notify the editorial office. The manuscript will then be reassigned to another reviewer to ensure an unbiased review process.
Authors play a crucial role in disclosing any potential conflicts of interest related to their research. Our guidelines require that authors include a COI statement in their manuscript at the time of submission. This statement should detail any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could influence their research or interpretation of results. This disclosure will be published alongside the article if the manuscript is accepted.
In instances where a conflict of interest is discovered after publication that was not disclosed, the editorial board will conduct a thorough investigation. If the conflict is found to significantly affect the research’s integrity, the publication may be retracted. Additionally, the journal will review and, if necessary, revise its policies to prevent future issues.
Confidentiality is paramount in managing conflicts of interest. All disclosures will be handled with strict confidentiality, with information used solely to address potential biases and not shared beyond those who need to be informed to manage the conflict effectively.
To maintain the highest standards of integrity and transparency in research, the Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) emphasizes the importance of data availability and reproducibility. This policy outlines the expectations for authors concerning the handling and sharing of research data.
Authors are strongly encouraged to provide the raw data used in their study to the editorial team during the review process. This allows for a thorough evaluation of the research and supports the verification of findings. Authors should be prepared to share this data with reviewers upon request, as part of the peer review process.
Beyond the review process, authors should make a commitment to making their data available to the public whenever feasible. This can be done through data repositories or supplementary materials linked to their published articles. If public sharing is not possible, authors should retain their data for a reasonable period following publication, typically no less than five years. This retention period allows other researchers the opportunity to access and replicate the research if needed.
It is the author’s responsibility to ensure that their research data is presented in a manner that allows for reproducibility. This means that other researchers should be able to use the provided data to replicate the study’s findings or build upon the research. To facilitate reproducibility, authors should include detailed descriptions of their data collection and analysis methods in their manuscripts.
The Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) editorial team will review the provided data as part of the manuscript evaluation process to ensure that it meets the standards for transparency and reproducibility. Any issues or concerns regarding data availability or reproducibility will be addressed before publication.
By adhering to these guidelines, authors contribute to the advancement of knowledge and the integrity of the research process, allowing for greater trust and validation in published findings.
The Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) is committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards throughout the publication process. Our policy ensures rigorous oversight in several critical areas: consent to publication, research involving vulnerable populations, the use of animals and human subjects, handling confidential data, and ethical business and marketing practices.
Researchers must obtain specific consent to publish or share identifiable individual data collected during their research. This consent must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian for children under 16) for all research involving identifiable human subjects, including deceased persons where consent should be provided by the next of kin. Authors are required to attest in the Mandatory Author Declaration that consent has been obtained and that identifiable individuals are aware of the intended publication. Identifiable information includes individual case histories, photos, videos, x-rays, and genetic pedigrees.
To protect participant anonymity, authors are not required to submit proof of consent to Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL). Instead, a statement confirming that consent was obtained for all identifiable individuals should be declared in the Mandatory Author Declaration.
For research involving vulnerable populations, such as children or individuals with cognitive impairments, authors must describe the measures taken to protect these groups, including obtaining consent from guardians or legal representatives when necessary. This information must be included in the Mandatory Author Declaration to ensure privacy during the review process.
Authors conducting research involving animals must adhere to ethical guidelines for animal welfare. In the Mandatory Author Declaration, authors must confirm that they have obtained the necessary approvals for animal use and agree to provide evidence of these approvals upon request. This declaration ensures compliance with humane treatment standards while maintaining author confidentiality.
Research involving human subjects must comply with ethical standards that protect participants' rights. Authors must declare in the Mandatory Author Declaration that they have obtained the necessary approvals from ethics committees or institutional review boards and agree to provide evidence upon request. The declaration should include:
Authors are responsible for managing confidential data with care. The Mandatory Author Declaration should describe how confidential data is secured, including measures for anonymization or de-identification. This approach helps ensure that data handling practices are reviewed effectively while protecting author anonymity.
Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) adheres to ethical business and marketing practices. All advertising and sponsorships must not influence editorial decisions or compromise the journal's integrity. Marketing and promotional activities must be transparent and avoid misleading the public or research community.
The publisher and the journal are responsible for ensuring compliance with these ethical standards. We monitor adherence to the policy, address any ethical concerns, and ensure consistent application. Guidelines are provided to authors to support adherence to these ethical standards.
The Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of intellectual property management. This policy outlines the copyright, licensing, and publication rights for works published in Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) to ensure transparency and understanding for authors and readers.
The copyright of all published articles remains with the original author(s). Authors retain the rights to use their work in future publications, distribute copies, and present the work at conferences. However, to facilitate the publication of their work in Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL), authors are required to transfer the non-exclusive right to publish the article to the journal. This transfer is formalized through a Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publication (CTAP), ensuring that Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) can legally disseminate the work while the authors retain their copyright.
Authors submitting to Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) must be aware that if their work is accepted for publication, the final published version will be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. This license allows others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Under the terms of the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, users must give appropriate credit to the original author(s), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. This must be done in a reasonable manner but not in any way that suggests the author(s) endorse the user or their use of the work. Additionally, any derivative works must be distributed under the same license as the original.
Any costs associated with publishing in Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL), such as article processing charges (APCs), will be clearly communicated to authors at the time of submission. There are no hidden fees, and all costs are transparent and necessary to maintain the journal's operations.
Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) allows authors to post preprints on recognized preprint repositories; however, authors must inform Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) of any preprint postings, as this may affect the double-blind peer review process. Articles that have been previously published in other journals or similar outlets will not be considered for publication, including translations of works that have been published elsewhere.
Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) uses iThenticate to check for plagiarism. Plagiarism includes but is not limited to the use of others' work without proper citation, copying substantial parts of text without permission, and presenting others' work as one’s own. Authors found to have committed plagiarism will face severe consequences, including the rejection of their manuscript and a possible ban on future submissions. Furthermore, authors should not submit manuscripts that substantially overlap with their own previously published work, including conference proceedings and book chapters. If overlapping publications are discovered, the manuscript will be rejected.
For detailed information on what constitutes plagiarism and redundant/overlapping publication, please refer to our Plagiarism Policy.
Authors must adhere to ethical standards in research and publication. This includes obtaining necessary approvals from ethical committees and providing appropriate ethical statements in their submissions. Authors must confirm that their research complies with the laws applicable in their country.
The purpose of this policy is to establish clear guidelines for the discussion and resolution of ethical concerns that arise after the publication of articles in the Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL). This policy is based on the guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). It applies to all articles published in Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) and addresses concerns related to publication ethics, including but not limited to, allegations of plagiarism, data fabrication, inappropriate authorship, and undisclosed conflicts of interest.
Any reader, author, or reviewer may raise concerns about the ethical integrity of a published article by directing them to the Editor-in-Chief via email at [lajil@fh.unila.ac.id]. The email should include the title and DOI of the article in question, a detailed description of the concern, and any supporting evidence or documentation. Upon receipt of a concern, the Editor-in-Chief will acknowledge it within 7 business days and conduct an initial review to determine the validity and seriousness of the concern. If necessary, additional information or clarification will be requested from the complainant.
If the concern warrants further investigation, the process will be guided by the principles and recommendations provided by COPE. An ad-hoc Ethics Committee, consisting of members from the editorial board and external experts if needed, will be formed. The committee will review all available evidence and may request additional information from the authors, complainant, or other relevant parties. All parties involved in the investigation will be required to maintain strict confidentiality throughout the process.
Based on the findings of the Ethics Committee, several actions may be taken: no action if the concern is found to be unsubstantiated, correction if minor errors are identified that do not affect the overall conclusions of the article, or retraction if serious ethical breaches are confirmed. Relevant parties, including the complainant, authors, and readers, will be notified of the decision and any actions taken. Decisions resulting from the post-publication discussion will be documented and published on the Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) website to ensure transparency. Retractions and corrections will be clearly linked to the original article.
Authors or complainants who disagree with the decision may submit an appeal within 30 days of the notification. Appeals will be reviewed by an independent panel not involved in the original investigation. Feedback from post-publication discussions will be used to enhance our guidelines and practices.
Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, do not currently satisfy our authorship criteria. Any use of AI by authors is strictly prohibited under any circumstances. Authors should paraphrase their articles in such a way that it satisfies academic ethic and manner.
The fast moving area of generative AI image creation has resulted in novel legal copyright and research integrity issues. As publishers, we strictly follow existing copyright law and best practices regarding publication ethics. While legal issues relating to AI-generated images and videos remain broadly unresolved, we are unable to permit its use for publication. Exceptions are images/art obtained from agencies that we have contractual relationships with that have created images in a legally acceptable manner. Other exceptions to this policy include images and video that are directly referenced in a piece that is specifically about AI and will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. As we expect things to develop rapidly in this field in the near future, we will review this policy regularly and adapt it if necessary.
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P-ISSN : 2656-6532 | E-ISSN : 2723-2603
The Lampung Journal of International Law is a journal published by Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung, under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Original content will be preserved in PKP Preservation Network(PKP-PN) to ensure long-term accessibility of the journal content. Learn more.
Production, Hosting, and Publication by the Development Centre Research of Law & Scientific Publication of the Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung on behalf of the Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung. Peer Review and Editorial Board are under the responsibility of the Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung.
