Legal Protection of Street Children Post-Natural Disaster in Palu Based On The Family Empowerment Model

Street children have a negative impact on the stigma of child growth. Street children depend their lives on the streets because of economic, social or even family conditions that do not support their development. After the natural disaster, 28 September 2018 was the point where areas were affected, especially in the areas of Palu, Sigi and Donggala (Pasigala). The phenomenon that occurs when a disaster occurs, robs them of their finances, such as their homes and their livelihoods. The increasing number of street children will certainly affect the number of crimes committed considering the harshness of street life and the bad friendship environment can make a child who has never been faced with the law becomes a child who is dealing with the law. So in this case it is necessary to protect the law for street children. So that the main problem in this research is what are the factors that dominate a child being a street child in the Post-Natural Disaster Post Wolf Area, and how is the Model for Handling Street Children Post-Natural Disasters through an Innovation System Based on Family Empowerment. The results of this study indicate that legal protection for street children after natural disasters qualifies with the adoption of the family empowerment model by presenting the Tina Nu Ngata model. 

the Rights of the Child). 7 They need to get their rights normally as children, namely civil rights and freedoms, family environment and choice of care (family environment and alternative care), basic health and welfare, recreation, education, laisure and culture activites), and special protection. Based on the Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002, every child has the right to be able to live, grow, develop and participate fairly in accordance with human dignity, and receive protection from the essence of violence and discrimination. Even street children who should still be in school, instead they lead street life, the fact is that street children cannot access both formal and non-formal education, including family education. Even though it is the duty of parents to provide education and protection to their children. Based on Article 3 of Law Number 23 of 2002, it is stated that child protection aims to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and discrimination. That the need for legal protection for children is very important because seeing the increasing data of street children. The results of the National Socio-Economic Survey or Hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia in 2008 showed that there were around 2.8 million street children nationally. Two years later, in 2010, this figure had increased by about 5.4%, bringing the number to 3.1 million children. In the same year, there were 10, 3 million children classified as vulnerable to becoming street children or 17.6% of the child population in Indonesia, namely 58.7 million children. Until 2017, the number of street children remaining was 16,290. These figures show that the quality of life and future of the children is very worrying, even though they are an asset, an investment in human resources and at the same time a foundation for the future of the nation. If the condition and quality of life of our children is a concern, it means that the future of the nation and state is also less satisfying. In fact, it is possible that some of our nation's children have experienced lost generation.
B. Discussion SUSENAS 2010 shows that one of the factors of the unsuccessfulness of national development in Indonesia, among others, is the lack of attention from the government and all parties to the existence of the family. 8 The attention and treatment that focuses on "the family as the basis and empowerment system", which is the main ideal of the life of the nation and state, has not become a collective obligation and a serious effort by many parties. Meanwhile, a healthy, strong, intelligent, and quality society and country is ensured because it grows and develops from and in a family environment that is healthy, strong, intelligent and of high quality. Similar to that, the problem of children including street children needs family-based handling, because families have an important role in being responsible for the future of their children. When viewed further, the management of street children in all regions of Indonesia basically does not have the right and effective model and approach. For example, the existence of a halfway house, based on research results from the Social Development and Training Agency of the Ministry of Social Affairs, is considered ineffective because it does not touch the root of the problem, namely poverty in the family. It seems that there has not been much guidance and empowerment in the family environment where they live, so that the handling has tended to be "patchy" and ineffective. In addition, the family is the "first center for education, coaching and empowerment" which enables these children to grow and develop well, be healthy and smart. Family empowerment of street children, especially in terms of economy, education and religion, is considered to be the main basis and an effective model for handling and empowering street children. Based on this, the factors that encourage children to take to the streets are divided into three levels, namely: 1. At this level, it provides an explanation that the child chooses to go down the path of the dilator behind him and from the family. Because from a child who always feels disharmony in the family, such as being asked to work while still in school or even dropping out of school. This comes from families with the inability of the parents to provide basic needs, wrong care from parents so that they experience violence at home (childabuse), and difficulty communicating with parents because they are separated from parents.

Meso level provides an explanation that the child descends into the streets on the background of community factors
This level provides an explanation that the child goes downhill due to social factors or the social environment, namely bad examples such as habits that teach work, so that one day it is a must and then leaves school. Usually this condition is caused by the poor community, children are an asset to help improve the family economy. Therefore, children are taught to work for other people to help the family economy.

The last level, namely the Macro level provides an explanation such as job opportunities
This last level provides explanations such as the opportunity for a job in the informal sector which does not really require capital and great skill, high education costs and discriminatory teacher behavior and there is no common understanding between government agencies of street children. Thus, children with limited abilities tend to choose to go down a path that does not require great skills. Street children certainly have an effect on human development in an area. This is also true in Central Sulawesi. In addition, the 2 incidents of natural disasters on September 8 2018 made more street children in the Pasigala area, especially in the city of Palu. The activities of these children can even be seen at crossroads, especially in Palu City. Expectations The length of schooling for 2016 Palu City is 15.53 years, while the average length of schooling is only 11.24 years in 2015 and 11.25 years in 2016. This figure does not reach 12 years in which school achievements must be taken by a child is 12 years old. The following is a picture of the level of education by category of work according to the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework.
Based on the data above, one of the influences is the existence of street children, so the need for special attention to street children. However, in this study, special attention is given to the collaboration between the government and families. The main objective is to streamline the role of the family through government programs and supervision. So in this study the researchers raised the title of research on Legal Protection of Street Children Post Natural Disasters in Palu through the Family Empowerment Model, and the focus of the problem focuses on what are the factors that cause a child The research method used in this study is to use juridical normative and empirical juridical research and is supported by in-depth interviews where juridical normative research is legal research that places law as a norm system building. The system of norms in question is about the principles, norms, rules of legislation, agreements and doctrines (teachings). The data used are secondary data such as statutory regulations, scientific journals, books related to this research. While empirical juridical research is research that has the object of study on people's behavior in this case direct interviews. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis.The government has actually set regulations related to child protection efforts, of course, including street children. In the Child Protection Law No. 23/2002, it is stated that child protection is an activity to guarantee and protect children's rights. Child protection is closely related to the five pillars, namely, parents, family, community, government and the state. In its simplest form, child protection strives so that every child's rights are not harmed. Child protection is complementary to other rights ensuring that children receive what they need so that they can survive, grow and develop. However, the condition of children in Indonesia is very worrying, especially those concerning street children. For this reason, the government should pay more attention to these conditions, so that street children can be overcome by the existence of programs from the government that will later reduce street children.
The road handling program currently carried out by open houses is actually very varied. 9 The programs carried out have touched on aspects of education, health, economic empowerment and others. To facilitate the reintegration of street children into the community, open houses have also carried out various programs, for example through seeking citizenship identity and helping to return children to the family. The intensity of mentoring and the approach that emphasizes the kinship that is carried out, with this intense mentoring, has the potential to handle roads. Factors such as length of time on the streets, lack of parental supervision, no shelter and a free environment, this makes street children very vulnerable to engaging in deviant behavior. The fulfillment of the basic rights of street children is one of the driving factors for the happiness of every human child which at the same time strengthens family relationships in the life of the people who are classified as underprivileged. 10 In coaching street children requires a special method where the method to be used must adapt to the character of the child. In providing guidance to children, the important thing is the transfer of knowledge or culture to street children through teaching methods, there is a process of internalization and possession of knowledge by students. 11 In this regard, efforts to tackle street children are not only the responsibility of the government. In addition to structurally facing institutional problems, programs for handling street children

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The Directorate of Child, Family, and Elderly Welfare, explained that street children are children who spend most of their time making a living or roaming the streets or other public places, their ages range from 6 years to 18 years. 12 In addition, according to the Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs, indicators of street children according to age are children aged 6 to 18 years. From this explanation, it can be concluded that those who can be categorized as street children are those whose ages range from 6 to 18 years.

b. Based on Categorization
According to Surbakti, based on the results of field studies, street children are broadly divided into 3 category, namely: 13 First, Children on the street, namely children who have economic activities as child laborers on the road, but still have a strong relationship with their parents. Half of their income is carried out in this category is to help strengthen the economic support of their family because the burden or pressure of poverty that must be borne cannot be resolved by both parents alone. Second, Children of the street, namely children who fully participate in the streets, both socially and economically. Some of them still have relationships with their parents, but the frequency of their meetings is uncertain. Many of them are children who for some reason ran away or left home. Various studies have shown that children in this category are very vulnerable to mistreatment, both socially, emotionally, physically and sexually. Third, Children from families of the street, namely children who do live on the street. Even though these children have a strong enough kinship, their life is shifting from one place to another at all costs. One of the important characteristics of this category is the appearance of street life from infancy, even since the child is still in the womb. In Indonesia this category can easily be found in various under bridges, illegal houses along railways and river banks, although quantitatively the number is not known with certainty. The family is the smallest unit in society which consists of family members and has their respective roles. 14 So that in certain circumstances, the inability of one family member to play a role will cause changes in the family. This is what happened to street children in the Pasigala region after natural disasters. Where, children are required to help support the economic needs of the family by going down the road. The profession undertaken by street children as a busker, beggar, newspapers seller has gradually formed behavior that leads to deviant actions. Therefore, children prefer to be on the streets because they feel free from the demands of their parents or family. If the child cannot fulfill these demands, parents tend to be disappointed, angry or upset with the child. Based on this, the results achieved in this study are several things, namely: Then the handling of the problem of street children is very important to do and pay attention to, in addition to the rights of street children to get welfare services that have been protected by law, also to avoid negative impacts if the problem of children who are very worrying cannot be solved. Obstruction of fulfillment of children, especially street children, will have an impact on the survival of the children themselves, the nation and the state of Indonesia.

Data on Street Children in Central Sulawesi
Based on this, in terms of the concept of Tina Nu Ngata as a noble culture that maintains the situation and progress of the area in relation to street children, namely: Tina Nu Ngata concept model: 1. Providing "SOU KITA" Shelter Homes for street children in collaboration with social agencies. 2. Arranging ideal management in "SOU KITA", so that street children do not hesitate to stop by and even survive to improve their skills in both their right brain and left brain. 3. Creating a NAPANDE Program for street children, in the concept of introducing the Central Sulawesi region, especially the environment it is in, for example Palu City, Sigi Regency, Donggala Regency or Parigi Regency, so that these children not only feel responsible for education cognitively, but also more responsible for the environment. The Role of Tina Nu Ngata Tina Nu Ngata consists of the government and those who are active as child observers, therefore Tina Nu Ngata can be one of the parties present when the government, in this case law enforcement officers, requires assistance for implementation in dealing with street children. This consideration is present, because when street children are faced with the law, it is very difficult to find consistent parties who can assist them, even though there are religious leaders, parents, but the role of teachers can be replaced by the Tina Nu Ngata. However, this does not rule out the possibility that even if children who go to school are faced with the law, they can be overcome with Tina Nu Ngata.

C. Conclusion
The poverty factor greatly influences the occurrence of street children in a certain location. In addition, the social environment also has a big influence in shaping children's behavior as well as being a forum for children to perform certain behaviors. This poverty factor is also present as a factor in the occurrence of street children in Pasigala. The number of street children in the Pasigala area increased significantly after the disaster. The most influencing factor is the economic level. The large number of neglected children, encourages and makes street children commit criminal acts. Therefore, egal protection is needed by means or methods recommended by the government. The family approach model for dealing with street children is a model that presents the concept of Tina Nu Ngata in the street children reduction program. Thus, to overcome the social problems of street children by increasing their abilities through education, skills training and moral education can be realized, so that street children do not have activities on the road anymore.